01.Family Violence and Nursing Practice
05.1. Defining Family Violence
06.Introduction to Family Violence
07.Definitions and Types of Family Violence
11.Global Prevalence of Family Violence
12.Major Methods for Assessing the Prevalence of Family Violence
13.Major Sources of Information About the Global Prevalence of Family Violence
14.Statistics on the Global Prevalence of Family Violence
15.Challenges in Obtaining Accurate Global Data
16.Frameworks to Deepen Understanding of Family Violence
17.Family Violence as a Public Health and Nursing Practice Issue
18.Diverse Populations at Risk
19.Future Directions in Defining Family Violence
20.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
22.Critical Thinking/Case Study Activities
23.2. Current and Evolving Theories and Frameworks Applied to Family Violence
26.Family Violence and Pathophysiology
28.Evolution of the Biopsychosocial Model
29.Family Violence and Biopsychosocial Model
30.Social-Ecological Model
31.Evolution of the Social-Ecological Model
32.Social-Ecological Model and Family Violence
33.Social Determinants of Health
36.Health Equity Theoretical Frameworks
37.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
39.Critical Thinking Activity 1: Case Study
40.Critical Thinking Activity 2: Public Health Nurse
41.3. Drivers and Consequences of Family Violence
43.Drivers of Family Violence
44.Neurobiological Drivers
46.Physical and Mental Health Consequences from Experiencing Major Forms of Family Violence (Child Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse)
47.Physical Health Consequences of Family Violence
49.Physiological Consequences: ‘The Body Keeps the Score’
50.Mental Health Consequences
52.4. Researching Family Violence
53.Research Approaches in Family Violence
54.Common Approaches to Research in Family Violence
55.Ethical Issues in Family Violence Research
56.Research–Community Partnerships
57.Conceptualisation and Measurement
58.Framing the Research Question
60.Quantitative Research Designs
62.Quasi-Experimental Designs
63.Internal-External Validity Trade-Off
64.Incorporating Mediators and Moderators into Research
67.Mixed-Methods Approaches
69.Implementation Research
70.Implications for Global Nursing Research
72.Critical Thinking Activity
73.5. Public Health Nursing Approaches to Family Violence
74.Overview of Trauma- and Violence-Informed Nursing Care in Public Health
75.What Are Trauma-Informed Care and Trauma- and Violence-Informed Care?
76.Applying the Principles of TVIC to Public Health Nursing Care
77.Scope of Practice: Nursing Roles in Addressing Violence and Trauma Prevention/Intervention
78.Conceptualisations of Trauma
79.Structural Violence/Trauma
80.Cultural Safety/Distress/Trauma
83.Overlap Among Types of Trauma, Violence, and Abuse
84.Applying Trauma and Violence-Informed Care in Public Health Prevention
88.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
90.Critical Thinking/Case Study Activities
91.Case Study 1: Addressing Family Violence in Public Health Settings
92.Case Study 2: Collaboration with a Forensic Nurse in the Context of Family Violence and Public Health Nursing
93.6. First-Line Nursing Practices to Identify and Respond to Family Violence
95.Characteristics of Family Violence across the Lifespan
96.First-Line Nursing Support
97.Recognise Indicators of Family Violence
98.Engage in a Conversation
100.Responding to a Disclosure
101.Inquire, Explore and Validate
104.Addressing Secondary Traumatic Stress in Nurses
105.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
106.Summary of Key Points
107.Critical Thinking Activities
108.7. Family Violence and Nursing Education
110.The Nurse’s Role in Addressing Family Violence
111.Family Violence as a Health Issue
112.Nurses’ Roles and Responsibilities
113.Global Gaps in Family Violence Education
114.Healthcare Provider Readiness
115.Pedagogical Approaches
116.Family Violence Education and Training Goals
117.Education and Training
118.World Health Organization Curricula
120.Training Methods and Effectiveness
121.The Role of the Health System
123.Elements of the Health System Approach to Addressing Family Violence
124.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
125.Summary of Key Points
126.Critical Thinking/Case-Study Activities
127.8. Legal and Ethical Issues
129.Ethical Practice and Nursing
132.A Relational Approach to Ethics
133.Legal Issues and Family Violence
135.Involvement with Law Enforcement
136.Application of Ethical and Legal Principles to Family Violence
137.Intimate Partner Violence
139.Abuse of Older/Vulnerable Adults
140.Forensic Nursing Subspecialty
141.Definition and Scope of Practice
142.Examination of the Family Violence Patient Using Forensic Nursing Principles and Practice
143.Written Documentation
144.Use of Hearsay Evidence
145.Photographic Documentation
146.Discharge, Follow-Up, and Safety Planning
147.Forensic Nursing in Court
148.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
151.Legal and Ethical Implication of Cultural Practices in a Diverse World
152.Summary of Key Points
153.Discussion/Reflection Questions
154.9. Addressing the Burden of Bearing Witness: Multilevel Responses to the Trauma and Violence Experienced by Nurses
157.Individual-Level Responses
159.Public Health Approach to Developing Individual-Level Responses
160.Organizational-Level Responses
161.Healthy Work Environment
162.Team-Level Strategies
163.Institution-Level Strategies
164.System-Level Responses
165.Government-Led Healthcare System Responses
166.Health Policy Legislation
167.Health Professional Organizations
168.International Responses
169.Nurses’ Well-Being and Implications for Global Nursing Practice
170.The International Council of Nurses (ICN)
171.Implications for Global Nursing Education
172.Maintaining Well-Being Working in Violent and Traumatizing Environments
174.Summary of Key Points
176.10. Violence in Childhood
179.Prevalence and Types of Childhood Violence Exposure
184.Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
185.Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence
186.Physical Health Sequelae
187.Short-Term Consequences
188.Long-Term Consequences, Including Chronic Health Problems, and Impact on Growth and Development
189.Mental Health Impacts
190.Psychological Impacts
192.Relationship Consequences
193.Interventions for Infants, Children, and Families
194.Primary Prevention Strategies
195.Secondary Prevention Strategies
196.Tertiary Response and Clinical Indicators
198.Multidisciplinary Response
199.Non-offending Parent Interventions
200.Therapeutic Interventions
201.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
202.Summary of Key Points
203.Critical Thinking/Case-Study Activities
204.11. Family Violence in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
207.Adolescent Developmental Processes: Early, Middle, and Emerging Adulthood
208.Adolescent Dating Culture: Early Relationship Formation
209.Family Influences and Adverse Childhood Experiences
210.Peer Groups, Social Media and Internet Influencers
211.Influences of Religion and Social Norms
212.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
213.Theoretical Bases of Sexual Violence Impacts
214.Relationship Violence
215.Influence of Technology on Dating Violence
216.Coercive Control of Teen Dating Violence Victims
217.Assessing Relationship Violence
220.Physical and Psychological Signs and Symptoms
221.Health Outcomes and Teen Dating Violence
222.Physical Symptoms Associated with Teen Sexual Violence
223.Adolescent Risk Behaviours Related to Sexual Violence
224.Sexual Blame and Self-Blame Attribution
225.Assessing Teen Dating Violence
226.Resources for Nursing Assessment and Education
227.Evidence-Based Interventions to Reduce Teen Dating Violence
229.Sexual Coercion and Assault
230.Teen Dating Violence Warning Signs
231.Physical Signs and Symptoms
232.Psychological Signs and Symptoms
236.Additional Readings and Resources
237.12. Understanding the Impact of Family Violence During Pregnancy
239.Overview of Family Violence and Its Relationship with Pregnancy
240.Specific Context of Family Violence/Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy
241.Exploration of Theoretical Explanations of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy
242.Prevalence Rates and Incidence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) During Pregnancy
243.Statistics and Research Findings on the Prevalence of IPV During Pregnancy
244.Factors Contributing to Underreporting of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy
245.Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence
246.Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy
247.Maternal Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence
248.Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence on Foetal and Infant Health
249.Screening for Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy
250.Role of Healthcare Professionals in Antenatal Screening for Intimate Partner Violence
251.Implications and Benefits of Screening for Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy
252.Implications of Nurse/Midwife Relationship During the Antenatal Period
253.Training for Healthcare Professionals to Conduct IPV Screening and Provide an Appropriate Response
254.Explore Women’s Experiences of Screening in Pregnancy and Providing an Overview of Why Women Leave or Stay in an Abusive Relationship
256.What Can You Do as a Midwife/Nurse?
257.Implications for Global Nursing & Midwifery Practice, Including Trauma- and Violence-Informed Culturally Appropriate Care
258.Summary of Key Points
259.Critical Thinking Exercise
260.Implementing a Trauma-Informed Maternity Service
261.13. Intimate Partner Violence and Nursing Practice
262.Intimate Partner Violence: A Complex Health and Human Rights Issue
263.What Is Intimate Partner Violence?
264.Patterns and Dynamics of Abuse: Unpacking Power and Control
265.Beyond Gender: The Social Context of IPV
266.The Costs and Consequences of IPV
267.Social and Economic Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence
268.Health Impacts of IPV
269.Interventions and Best Practices: What Can Be Done?
270.Creating a Context for Safe and Responsive Health Care
271.Trauma- and Violence-Informed Care (TVIC) is the Foundation
272.Routine Inquiry or Screening?
273.Recognition and Inquiry Related to IPV Use Routine Nursing Skills
274.Responding to Disclosures Using LIVES
275.The Evidence Base for Specialized IPV Interventions
276.Interventions Delivered by Nurses
277.IPV Interventions Embedded in Existing Programs Offered During Pregnancy and Early Parenting
278.Specialized Interventions for Women Who Are or Have Experienced IPV
279.Global Resources on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
281.14. Family Violence-Related Mortality
283.The Scope of Family Violence-Related Mortality
284.Femicide and Feminicide
285.Intimate Partner Femicide
286.Violence-Related Mortality in Older Persons
287.Family Violence-Related Mortality in Sexual and Gender Minority Communities
288.Culturally Specific Examples of Feminicide
289.Family Violence-Related Suicide
290.The Broader Impacts of Femicide and Feminicide
291.The Children of Femicide Victims
292.Effects of Femicide on the Community and Social Network
293.Identifying Risk Factors and Administering Screening for Intimate Partner Femicide
294.Nursing-Related Prevention and Advocacy Strategies to Prevent Femicide
295.Behavioural Interventions: Safety Planning
296.Structural Interventions: Working with Men and Boys
297.Policy Interventions: Feminist Advocacy
299.Summary of Key Points
300.15. Health Inequities for Historically Marginalized Populations
302.Historical Context for Violence Against Marginalized Populations
303.Traditionally Marginalized Groups
304.Historical Background Associated with Marginalization
305.Dynamics of Marginalization
306.Marginalization, Family Violence, and Health Disparities and Healthcare Inequities
307.Roots of Marginalization
308.Family Violence Across the Lifespan in Marginalized Populations
309.Gender and Sexuality Diversity, Marginalization, and Family Violence
310.SDOH and Racism Impacts Marginalization and Family Violence
311.Impact of Marginalization on Health Disparities and Inequities
312.Marginalization, Family Violence, and Women’s Health
313.Marginalization, Family Violence, and Child Health
314.Abuse of Older Persons
315.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
316.Incorporating the Voices of Marginalized Communities
317.Examples of Innovative Practices and Frameworks for Practice
318.Advocacy for Dismantling the Impact of Racism and Marginalization
323.16. Nursing Care for Family Violence Among LGBTQ+ People
324.Introduction and Theoretical Grounding
325.Differential Drivers and Risk Factors of Violence Against LGBTQ+ People
326.Macrosystem—Societal Level
327.Exosystem—Community/Mesosystem—Relationship Levels
328.Forms of Family Violence Against LGBTQ+ People Through the Life Course
329.Violence in Childhood
330.Violence in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
331.Intimate Partner Violence
332.Violence During Pregnancy
333.Abuse of Older Adults
334.Health Outcomes and Disparities Related to Violence Against LGBTQ+ People
335.Mental and Physical Health
337.Considerations for Violence Measurement, Screening, and Reporting Among LGBTQ+ People
338.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
339.Identity as a Basic Human Right
340.Understanding When and How to Screen for LGBTQ+ Identities and Violence Exposure Among LGBTQ+ Families
341.Summary of Key Points
342.Critical Thinking/Case Study Activities
343.Case Study: Addressing Family Violence in LGBTQ+ Communities Worldwide
352.17. Rural and Remote Populations
355.Prevalence and Patterns of Family Violence in Rural Regions
356.Health Outcomes Specific to Rural Family Violence
357.Health Outcomes During the Perinatal Period
358.Mental Health Outcomes
359.Severity and Lethality of Family Violence
360.Theoretical Considerations: Rural and Remote-Specific Context of IPV
361.Close-Knit Communities
363.Remoteness and Isolation
364.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
366.Patient History and Examination: WHO LIVES Model
367.Coordinated and Comprehensive Community Responses
368.Summary of Effective Responses
370.Case Study I: Intimate Partner Homicide in the United States
371.Case Study II: Family Violence in Northern Ghana
372.Case III: Patient-Centred Approach in the Central-Southern Region of Chile
373.Future Directions and Promising Practices
374.Individual-Level: Technology-Facilitated Interventions and Safety Planning
375.Relationship Level: Peer Support and Parenting Groups
376.System Level: Meeting Patients Where They Are
377.Societal Level: Changing Social Norms
379.18. Family Violence in Indigenous Communities
380.A Note on Terminology: Indigenous and First Nations Peoples
381.A Statement on Reflexivity and Allyship
382.Colonization and Family Violence
383.The Impact of Colonization
384.Colonization and Family Violence
385.Challenging Discriminatory Assumptions
386.Barriers to Support-Seeking for Indigenous Peoples
387.Avoidance of Formalized Support-Seeking
388.Identifying the Barriers to Support-Seeking
389.Addressing the Barriers Through Safe Nursing Practice
390.Providing Holistic Care
391.Strengths-Based, Indigenous-Led Solutions to Family Violence
392.The Importance of a Strengths-Based Approach to Preventing and Responding to Family Violence
393.Indigenous-Led Solutions and Cultural Safety
394.The Role of Healing in GBV Recovery
395.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
396.Summary of Key Points
398.19. Violence Against Persons with Disabilities
399.Violence in the Context of Disability
400.Theoretical Frameworks for Understanding Violence Against PWD
401.Prevalence of Violence Against PWD
402.Abuse Against Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
403.Violence Against Children with a Disability
404.Data Limitations in Violence Against PWD
406.Violence Against LGBTQ+ Persons with Disabilities
407.Health Consequences of Abuse Against Persons with Disabilities
408.Screening for Violence in Persons with Disabilities
409.Interventions Specific to PWD
410.Mandatory Reporting and Ethical Considerations Specific to PWD
411.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
412.Summary of Key Points
413.Case Study: Nursing Intervention for Disability-Related Abuse in a Pregnant Patient with a Physical Disability
415.Case Scenario Details
418.Recognizing Signs of Abuse in a Complex Context
419.Building Trust with Trauma-Informed Care
420.Creating an Individualized Safety Plan
421.Utilizing Interdisciplinary Resources and Support
422.Documentation and Legal Considerations
424.20. Family Violence in Immigrant and Refugee Communities
426.Defining Immigrants and Refugees
428.Theoretical Frameworks
429.Risk and Protective Factors
430.Individual-Level Factors
431.Interpersonal-Level Factors
432.Community and Societal Level Factors
433.Evidence-Based Strategies to Address Family Violence in Immigrant and Refugee Communities
437.Implications for Global Nursing Practice
917.Fig. 1.1: Typology of interpersonal violence. (Adapted from the World Health Organization [13])
918.Fig. 1.2: Global prevalence rates for family violence
919.Fig. 2.1: The biopsychosocial model. (Adapted from: Engel [17])
920.Fig. 2.2: The biopsychosocial model re-envisioned. (With permission from: Roberts [20], Springer Nature)
921.Fig. 2.3: The biopsychosociotechnical (BPT) model. (With permission from: Card [24])
922.Fig. 2.4: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention social-ecological model. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [34])
923.Fig. 2.5: SEM applied to various forms of violence. (Flynn et al. [52]. Reprinted by Permission of Sage Publications)
924.Fig. 2.6: World Health Organization’s conceptual framework for action on social determinants of health. (Solar and Irwin [56]. Reproduced with permission from the World Health Organization)
925.Fig. 2.7: Healthy People 2030s categorization of social determinants of health. (https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople; https://odphp.health.gov/copyright-policy)
926.Fig. 2.8: The intersectionality wheel. (Straus et al. [111]. Reprinted by permission from the Knowledge Translation Program)
927.Fig. 2.9: The health equity framework. (Peterson et al. [105]. Reprinted by Permission of Sage Publications)
928.Fig. 2.10: The injury equity framework. (Adapted from: Kendi and Macy [106])
929.Fig. 2.11: The trajectory of domestic violence and domestic violence inequities. (Reproduced with permission from the Prevention Institute. The Prevention Institute retains all rights to these figures. Source: Parks et al. [109])
930.Fig. 2.12: The trajectory of safe relationships and reduced domestic violence. (Reproduced with permission from the Prevention Institute. The Prevention Institute retains all rights to these figures. Source: Parks et al. [109])
931.Fig. 4.1: Possible conceptual map of the construct of depression
932.Fig. 4.2: Social support as a moderator of the effect of parenting stress on the use of harsh punishment
933.Fig. 4.3: Basic mediation model
934.Fig. 6.1: RELIEVES pathway for first-line nursing responses to family violence
935.Fig. 7.1: Pathways and health effects on intimate partner violence. The illustration presented is a methodically designed flow chart that depicts the health consequences associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) through three primary pathways: physical trauma, psychological trauma/stress, and fear and control. Physical trauma results in various injuries, including musculoskeletal injuries, soft tissue damage and genital injuries, which may lead to disability or death. Psychological trauma/stress is associated with mental health disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and suicidality, as well as substance abuse and the emergence of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and hypertension. The pathway of fear and control is related to restricted sexual and reproductive autonomy, exemplified by a lack of access to contraception and unsafe sexual practices, coupled with challenges in healthcare accessibility, which can lead to maternal and reproductive health complications such as low birth weight, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. Collectively, these adverse effects may result in significant long-term disability or fatal outcomes, including homicide and suicide. The diagram adeptly utilises rectangular boxes and arrows to illustrate the causal relationships among these elements, employing a palette of blue and grey tones to achieve a professional and organised visual presentation. (World Health Organization [1])
936.Fig. 7.2: CATCH model of health practitioner readiness. This image visually represents the CATCH Model, which stands for Commitment, Advocacy, Trust, Collaboration and Health System. The model outlines health practitioners’ readiness to address domestic violence and abuse, illustrated through a large rightward-pointing arrow symbolising progress. Within the arrow, four overlapping coloured circles represent key components: ‘Having a commitment’ (grey), ‘Adopting an advocacy approach’ (light blue), ‘Trusting the relationship’ (pink) and ‘Collaborating with a team’ (purple). These circles illustrate how different elements of readiness interconnect. At the bottom, two horizontal arrows indicate the level of health system support: ‘Low Health System Support’ on the left (light green) and ‘High Health System Support’ on the right (dark purple). The image employs a gradient colour scheme that transitions from low to high support, visually reinforcing the idea of increasing practitioner readiness as these factors strengthen. The layout is structured to guide the viewer’s eye from left to right, emphasising progress and growth in addressing domestic violence. Published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License BY 4.0)
937.Fig. 7.3: Whole of systems support. This image is a circular infographic illustrating a comprehensive framework for a woman-centred response to intimate partner violence within health systems. At the centre of the diagram, a small circle labelled ‘Woman-centred response’ is surrounded by six key aspects of health providers supporting clients: Knowledge and Awareness, Skills, Attitudes, Principles, Context and Service Delivery. These factors emphasise training, gender equality, empathy, confidentiality, safety and proper response protocols. Around this core section, a larger ring represents health systems supporting healthcare providers, including leadership and governance, financing, coordination, health workforce development, information systems and health infrastructure—highlighting policy frameworks, funding, referral networks, training and privacy in health settings. The outermost layer represents the societal-level supporting health systems, divided into four sectors: Laws and Criminal Justice, Child Protection, Social Services and Community-Based Services, emphasising the need for multi-sectoral collaboration. The image is structured as three concentric circles, using blue and white tones to differentiate sections, visually reinforcing the interconnected roles of individuals, healthcare providers, systems and society in addressing violence against women. (Reprinted from García-Moreno et al. [35], Copyright (2015), with permission from Elsevier)
938.Fig. 9.1: A socioecological approach to address the burden of trauma and violence experienced by nurses and other healthcare workers
939.Fig. 12.1: Ecological model for understanding violence [22]. (Reproduced with permission from the World Health Organization)
940.Fig. 12.2: Factors affecting mothers’ decisions to stay in or leave an abusive relationship. (Source: Author)
941.Fig. 13.1: Patterns of IPV according to Johnson’s typology
942.Fig. 13.2: Power and control in intimate partner relationships. (Source: Ford-Gilboe, Scott-Storey & Varcoe (2021). iHEAL Practice Guide for Nurses (Version 2). London, Canada: University of Western Ontario)
943.Fig. 13.3: Common health symptoms reported by women with histories of IPV. (Source: Ford-Gilboe, Scott-Storey & Varcoe (2021). iHEAL Practice Guide for Nurses (Version 2). London, Canada: University of Western Ontario)
944.Fig. 13.4: Four approaches for responding to IPV. (Source: Author)
945.Fig. 13.5: Recommended approaches for addressing IPV across health care settings. (Source: Author)
946.Fig. 13.6: Examples of effective IPV interventions [35, 113–118]
947.Fig. 13.7: Principles and components of iHEAL. (Source: Author)
948.Fig. 14.1: Rates of Intimate Partner/Family Homicide by region, 2022. (Adapted from: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [2])
949.Fig. 15.1: Negative feedback loop: structural inequalities and intergenerational health outcomes. (Source: Author)
950.Fig. 15.2: Family violence across the lifespan [11]. (With permission from Sage Journals)
951.Fig. 15.3: Global models to reduce violence against women and children [71, 85]
952.Fig. 16.1: The violence-related ecological model. (Adapted from Dahlberg, L.L. & Krug, E.G. (2002). Violence—A Global Public Health Problem. World Report on Violence and Health. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. Reproduced with permission from the World Health Organization)
953.Fig. 17.1: LIVES Model
954.Fig. 17.2: Socioecological Model
955.Fig. 18.1: Intergenerational impact of abuse
956.Fig. 18.2: Indigenous health care model for peoples experiencing family violence [13]. (With permission from: Sage Publications https://doi.org/10.1177/15524838020961879)
957.Fig. 20.1: Key risk factors for family violence in immigrant and refugee communities
958.Fig. 20.2: Evidence-based strategies to address family violence in immigrant and refugee communities
959.Table 1.1: Major data sources for examining family violence prevalence
960.Table 1.2: Example sources of prevalence data on family violence
961.Table 2.1: Social-ecological model risk factors and prevention strategies for violence
962.Table 4.1: Properties of good research questions
963.Table 4.2: Criteria to be considered when selecting a measurement tool
964.Table 6.1: Recognising potential child maltreatment in clinical nursing encounters
965.Table 6.2: Recognising potential intimate partner violence in clinical nursing encounters
966.Table 6.3: Recognising potential abuse of older adults during a clinical nursing encounter
967.Table 6.4: Recognising potential reproductive coercion during a clinical nursing encounter
968.Table 6.5: Language to explain confidentiality
969.Table 6.6: Statements to start a conversation about experiences of safety, violence or abuse
970.Table 6.7: Listening for understanding: questions for internal reflection
971.Table 6.8: In active listening—responses that demonstrate understanding
972.Table 6.9: Responding to disclosures of family violence: examples of supportive and non-supportive statements
973.Table 6.10: Organisational supports to prevent secondary traumatic stress disorder
974.Table 7.1: Readiness to address domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and tailored responses to different stages of change [39]
975.Table 7.2: Violence against women educational content
976.Table 7.3: LIVES first-line support for family violence [49]
977.Table 8.1: Key tenets of selected ethical codes or frameworks
978.Table 8.2: Exemplar competing medical and forensic priorities during patient care
979.Table 9.1: Types of harm
980.Table 9.2: Self-care practices [33]
981.Table 9.3: American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Healthy Work Environment Standards
982.Table 9.4: International Council of Nurses’ recommendations for institutions employing nurses
983.Table 10.1: Estimated prevalence of child physical abuse pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic
984.Table 10.2: INSPIRE evidence-based strategies for child abuse prevention
985.Table 11.1: Psychological (emotional) abuse
986.Table 11.2: Healthy versus unhealthy relationships
987.Table 14.1: Risk Factors for intimate partner homicide victimization
988.Table 14.2: Risk factors for intimate partner homicide perpetration
989.Table 14.3: Potential sequelae of parental femicide in children and adolescents
990.Table 14.4: Revised danger assessment items
991.Table 16.1: Pertinent vocabulary
992.Table 16.2: Lambda legal actionable items (revised for implementation in nursing practice)
